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I like the terms modal borrowing or interchange. Actually, I like borrowing better because interchange suggests that not only does a note or chord from A minor is used in A major, so should a note or chord from A major be used in A minor. Interchange suggests a switch of two things. This is what it means in math.
In classical music theory, the word mutation is sometimes used. This implies that the major mode temporarily mutates into the minor mode.
In music analysis, criteria exist for determining if a modulation has occurred. First, the music has notes and chords from the target key (most of the time there is a V I in the new key). Second, the new key is confirmed by V I. In classical music analysis, this key confirmation of V I is critical. Without it, the music will seem to float around, without landing anywhere. Unless, there is mode borrowing or chromatic inflections.
The Who, Call Me Lightning modulates up in whole steps. It is based on I IV, with no V. Then I would think that the I that follows IV would confirm the new key. Here are the chords and keys:
F Bb
G C
A D
Since the Is and IVs repeat several times in each key, you could hear a circle of fourths progression: Bb F C G D A. This can be thought of as: "Bb is a 4th above F, F is a 4th above C, C is a 4th above G, G is a 4th above D, D is a 4th above A." It looks like this pattern would continue all the way through the chromatic scale in 4ths. It would take three more choruses to do that. This may be why the song fades out. There is no place to end it.
In classical theory and analysis, you would say that the first chorus is in F, then a modulating series of chords occurs, then fades away. I can't think of any fade outs in classical music. Is that concept related to technology?
Anyway, just having fun musing. I'm not trying to give a definitive answer to anything. Just interested in the discussion. I really like the term borrowing for this situation.
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larry
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